نحوه اجرای نمای مدرن؛ تکنیک‌ها و نکات کلیدی طراحی

New execution process of a panel-based façade system that reduces project duration and improves workers’ working conditions

This study tries to solve some issues in the construction sector related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) numbers 3 (health and well-being) and 8 (decent work and economic growth) of the 2030 Agenda, improving the working conditions of workers in the construction sector, at certain latitudes, since they are constantly exposed to inclement weather conditions and their safety may be adversely affected. Therefore, a design of a new procedure for the installation of a panel-based façade is proposed, which allows the complete closing of the building during its execution and thus improves the comfort and safety of workers. In addition to the constructive definition of the proposed system, its implementation procedure and the energy consumption during the interior air conditioning phase are analyzed. In addition, a comparative study of execution times between the proposed procedure and a conventional solution is performed. The conclusions of the study highlight that the proposed system improves: the working conditions in extreme climates and prevents risks derived from work in extreme weather conditions; the precision in the formation of window and door openings and their coordination with the modular façades; the ease of execution and delays the placement of the exterior scaffolding. Overall, the proposed procedure reduces the weight of the façade and the thermal transmittance by 13.5% and reduces not only costs due to the modulation of the system, but also execution times in the façade and interior work phases (around 40%) and the structure phase (around 32%).

 

Introduction

In September 2015, the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a plan of action in favor of people, the planet, and prosperity, which also aims to strengthen universal peace and access to justice [1].

The 2030 Agenda proposes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) with 169 targets to cover economic, social, and environmental aspects. In this scenario, the construction sector must play a fundamental role in 9 of the 17 SDG [2] and among them, objectives 3 (health and well-being) and 8 (decent work and economic growth) are the objectives faced in this study.

The improvement of the working environment conditions has always been one of the priority objectives in all modern industrial societies [3,4], trying to combine a better quality of life for workers with an increase in their performance and, therefore, in the productivity of companies [5].

For this reason, the European Union has defined different regulations to improve this situation. The comfort of people has been a topic that has been highly analyzed by the construction sector, specifically during the useful life of the building, through the analysis of hygrothermal conditions inside buildings [6].

However, when workers’ comfort is considered, there are many industrial sectors in which comfort conditions are difficult to improve, as workers are exposed to extreme weather conditions [7,8]. This is the case of the construction sector, one of the sectors where workers claim to carry out their work in an uncomfortable way, until the building envelope is completed. Furthermore, at certain latitudes, during the hottest or coldest months, the performance of operators is negatively affected [9,10], and professional activity is even paralyzed.

During the winter months, the performance of workers can be influenced by problems that have traditionally been associated with the cold seasons [11]. These problems can range from the absence of thermal comfort, the impairment of manual performance, the deterioration of physical capacity derived from body and muscle cooling, to less mobility and the impairment of operational capacity due to increased physical effort and metabolic consumption derived from weight and bulkiness of protective clothing [12].

During the summer seasons, the heat in working environments constitutes a source of problems that cause negative impacts in the workers’ performance, productivity, and quality of work, but especially on their comfort and health [13].

In recent years, due to the influence of global warming, the weather is constantly changing, leading to more extreme temperatures and conditions, increasing accidents and reducing productivity on construction sites [14].

Another issue that must also be considered is the reduction of the construction duration, especially the duration when closing the façade of a building, as it is one of the key objectives in any building work. For this reason, at present, industrialization of buildings is being promoted, and thus prefabricated building systems are being promoted, achieving a reduction in execution times and consequent improvement in the final delivery time, providing cost savings that can offset the extra cost of prefabricated systems compared to conventional ones [[15], [16], [17]]. This reduction in exposure time to the exterior environment has an impact on improving workers’ working conditions.

 

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