طراحی نما در اقلیم گرم و خشک؛ راهکارهای اقلیمی و انتخاب متریال مناسب

The facade of a building defines the internal living space by controlling the flow of energy through it. They contribute to the energy budget and the comfort parameters of any building. The energy to be reduced used in achieving design criteria in terms of thermal properties, lighting, air quality, acoustics, and security, the facade must be able adapt to the changing external environment conditions and internal needs of the occupants. Adaptive facades can provide the buildings with the required flexibility in terms of thermal comfort and energy flow. Adaptive facades are building envelopes that can adjust to changing climatic conditions on an hourly, daily, seasonal, or annual basis. Several different types of adaptive facade concepts have already been developed, and an increase in emerging, innovative solutions is expected in the near future. Adaptive facades, can be divided into macro, micro systems This research paper aims to study an adaptive facade for hot and dry climate region. In this research adaptive facades are studied, how they work, which materials that can be used for such systems. An overview has been made for facade components that can adapt manually, mechanically and on a material level called ‗smart’ materials. Keywords: Adaptive Facade, hot and dry region, adaptive systems, smart materials. Introduction The building facade as the name suggests is the face of the building and in turn, also the face of the city or its located context. It represents both the function and the occupant while also protecting the inhabitant from harmful effects of the external environment, offering privacy and a physical boundary of one’s property [1] .There are several definitions and words trying to describe the adaptive facade concept. Active, advanced, dynamic, flexible, innovative, intelligent, interactive, kinetic, reactive, responsive, smart, switchable, transformable are only some of the words used by the practitioners and researchers in the context of adaptive (Addington and Schodek, 2012, Aelenei et.al., 2016, Loonen et.al., 2013, Kolarevic and Parlac, 2015). The definition of adaptive facades by Loonen et al.:-A climate adaptive facade has the ability to repeatedly and reversibly change some of its functions, features or behavior over time in response to changing performance requirements and variable boundary conditions, and does this with the aim of improving overall building performance.‖ Adaptive facades can adapt to the changes of their environments. As the population of the cities continue to grow and more buildings-residential and commercial-are constructed, the energy demand for cooling of occupied spaces will continue to rise [2]. The adaptive facade aids in the controlling of solar gains, it helps in the energy balance of the building, its benefit from passive solar energy while avoiding indoor overheating.